2025年终极指南：如何在土耳其成功设立企业

Wondering how to set up a business in Turkey? You’re looking at a market brimming with potential, strategically located at the crossroads of Europe and Asia. Establishing a company here can be a rewarding venture, offering access to a large domestic market and numerous regional opportunities. However, navigating the legal and administrative landscape requires careful planning and execution. This guide provides essential, clear information on the process, potential costs looking ahead to 2025, and timelines involved.

Turkey’s dynamic economy and young population make it an attractive destination for entrepreneurs and investors alike. Whether you’re planning a small startup or a larger corporate presence, understanding the fundamental steps is crucial.

Why Consider Setting Up a Business in Turkey?

Before diving into the “how-to,” let’s briefly touch upon the “why.”

• Strategic Location: Access to markets in Europe, Asia, the Middle East, and North Africa.

• Large Domestic Market: A population of over 85 million with a significant young demographic.

• Incentives: Various government incentives are available for investors, particularly in specific sectors and regions. (You can explore details at the official Invest in Turkey agency: https://www.invest.gov.tr/en/)

• Developing Infrastructure: Continuous improvements in transportation, logistics, and communication networks.

Common Business Structures in Turkey

When planning how to set up a business in Turkey, choosing the right legal entity is vital. The most common forms are:

1. Limited Liability Company (LLC – Limited Şirket): The most popular choice for foreign investors. Requires at least one shareholder (can be an individual or legal entity) and a minimum capital (currently TRY 50,000 as of late 2023, subject to potential increases by 2025). Liability is limited to the subscribed capital.

2. Joint Stock Company (JSC – Anonim Şirket): Suitable for larger operations, can offer shares to the public. Requires a higher minimum capital (currently TRY 250,000, or TRY 500,000 for non-public JSCs that adopt the registered capital system, also subject to potential increases). More complex governance structure.

3. Branch Office: An extension of a foreign parent company, not a separate legal entity.

4. Liaison Office: Cannot engage in commercial activities; typically used for market research or representation.

For this guide, we’ll focus on the process for setting up an LLC, as it’s the most frequent scenario.

Step-by-Step: How to Set Up a Business in Turkey (LLC Focus)

Navigating the setup requires interacting with several official bodies. Here’s a breakdown of the typical process:

1. Document Preparation & MERSIS Registration

• Articles of Association (AoA): Draft the company’s main constitutional document online via MERSIS (Central Registry Record System – https://mersis.gtb.gov.tr/). This requires details like company name, address, objectives, capital, shareholders, and management.

• Shareholder/Founder Documents: Passports (translated and notarized), potential tax IDs for founders, and potentially power of attorney if acting through a representative.

2. Notarization of Documents

The drafted AoA and other necessary documents (like signature declarations for managers) must be notarized by a Turkish Notary Public.

3. Obtaining a Potential Tax ID Number

Foreign shareholders and non-resident managers need to obtain a potential Turkish Tax Identification Number from the local Tax Office (Vergi Dairesi).

4. Registration with the Trade Registry Office

Submit the notarized AoA, application forms, proof of capital payment (a certain percentage needs to be deposited before registration), competition authority fee payment receipt, and other required documents to the relevant Trade Registry Office (Ticaret Sicil Müdürlüğü). Once approved, the company gains legal personality. The registration is announced in the Turkish Trade Registry Gazette.

5. Legal Book Certification

After registration, the company’s statutory books (journal, ledger, inventory book, etc.) must be certified by a Notary Public or the Trade Registry Office before use.

6. Opening a Corporate Bank Account

With the registration certificate and tax ID number, you can open the company’s official bank account. The remaining portion of the share capital must be deposited usually within 24 months (check regulations at the time of setup).

7. Social Security Registration (SGK)

Register the company and its employees (if any) with the Social Security Institution (Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu – SGK).

Estimated Timeline for Company Formation

Once all required documents are correctly prepared and submitted, the actual registration process (from MERSIS submission to Trade Registry approval) for how to set up a business in Turkey can typically be completed within 3 to 10 business days. However, document preparation, translations, notarizations, and bank procedures can add extra time, making the total process potentially span 2-4 weeks or longer, depending on complexity and efficiency.

Potential Costs: A Look Towards 2025

Estimating precise costs for 2025 is challenging due to inflation and potential regulatory changes. However, based on current figures (late 2023/early 2024) and projecting moderate increases, here are estimated cost categories to consider when budgeting for how to set up a business in Turkey:

• Minimum Share Capital (LLC): Currently TRY 50,000. Note: At least 25% might need to be paid before registration, the rest within 24 months. This isn’t a fee, but capital held by the company.

• Notary Fees: 费用浮动，取决于文件数量、签字要求和翻译量。预估范围约为5,000-12,000土耳其里拉。

• 商业注册登记及公告费： 约5,000-13,000土耳其里拉。 

• 竞争管理局费用： 按注册资本固定比例收取（如0.04%）。

• 翻译成本： 根据文件量和语言而定。按每页数百里拉预算。

• 会计师/财务顾问费用： 对持续合规至关重要。会计月费差异显著（根据业务量约5,000-15,000+里拉）。请注意这些专业服务费会随通胀上涨。

• 咨询/法律服务费（可选但建议）： 选择像Simply TR这样的机构可简化流程。费用根据服务范围而异。[联系Simply TR获取定制报价].

• 办公室租赁/虚拟办公室： 根据地段和类型差异极大。虚拟办公室是经济实惠的起步选择。

免责声明： 上述均为 粗略估算。2025年实际成本将极大受通胀率、政府机构费用调整及具体业务设置影响。务必获取最新报价。

税务与义务

在土耳其经营企业需履行以下税务责任：

• 企业所得税： 现行税率25%
• 增值税（KDV）： 标准税率20%
• 预提税： 根据付款类型和接收方而定
• 印花税： 适用于合同和官方文件

其他责任包括：

• 保存会计账簿
• 提交月度及年度纳税申报
• 员工社会保险缴纳

土耳其法律规定企业必须聘请专业会计师。

Simply TR如何简化您的企业设立流程

对 how to set up a business in Turkey感到不知所措？您无需独自应对。 به سادگی TR 拥有专业团队，擅长引导外国投资者完成公司注册各阶段。我们可提供：

• 选择合适的法律架构

• 文件准备、翻译及公证协调

• 处理MERSIS和商业注册申请

• 对接银行、税务局和SGK（社保局）

• 提供持续会计及合规支持

让我们专业团队处理复杂事务，为您节省时间并避免代价高昂的错误。[了解我们的公司注册服务]。

نتیجه

成功 how to set up a business in Turkey 需要理解法律框架、细致准备文件并完成行政流程。虽然过程需要谨慎，但土耳其蕴含巨大发展机遇。通过周密规划、预估成本并寻求专业协助，您可高效设立土耳其公司。

准备迈出下一步？让Simply TR成为您在土耳其的可靠合作伙伴。